Vasculitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels, which can lead to narrowing, thickening, or scarring of the vessel walls. This inflammation can disrupt blood flow and cause damage to the tissues and organs supplied by the affected vessels. Vasculitis can be classified into several types based on the size of the blood vessels involved, including small-vessel vasculitis, medium-vessel vasculitis, and large-vessel vasculitis. Causes of vasculitis are varied and may include autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly attacks blood vessels, such as in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or lupus. Infections, drug reactions, and certain cancers can also trigger vasculitis. Symptoms depend on the type of vasculitis and the organs affected but commonly include fever, fatigue, weight loss, and skin rashes. More specific symptoms can arise based on the location of the inflamed vessels, such as joint pain, abdominal pain, or neurological issues. Treatment for vasculitis focuses on addressing the underlying cause and managing inflammation. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and immune system activity. Immunosuppressive medications may also be used to further control the immune response. In cases where vasculitis is secondary to an infection or medication, treating the underlying condition or discontinuing the offending drug is crucial. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are important to assess treatment effectiveness and manage any potential complications. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent long-term damage and improve outcomes. Consulting a healthcare provider is critical for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of vasculitis.
